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Inclusion and Exclusion in the Building of the Hungarian Welfare State: An Intersectional Analysis of Productive Social Policy and the Settlement Movement in Interwar Hungary
| As part of the session on "Breaking down the East-West Divide: Gender, 'Race', Class and the Construction of Welfare States and Social Work in 20th Century Europe", this paper attempts to draw attention to the uses of inclusion- and exclusion-based client and social worker selection and client “uplift” processes in the welfare state building of Interwar Hungary. In its analytical framework the paper aims to get beyond traditional social and historical analysis that handles the “East” and “West” of Europe as separate and unconnected entities, and assumes an often unexamined “West”- and “white”- centeredness. In order to do that, this study utilizes the intersectional perspective of “race”/ethnicity, gender and class to allow for an exploration of temporal and spatial continuities and changes in the construction of welfare state theories and social work practices.
The paper focuses on two different welfare programs in Interwar Hungary, related to social work and social policy: Productive Social Policy, overwhelmingly state run and the Hungarian Settlement Movement, remaining mainly in the hands of independent organizations, but increasingly supported by the state. The study shows how the overtly class-selective definition of clients and social workers was in both programs gendered, and from the late 1920s and early 1930s onwards, linked up with National Socialist racism.
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