|
|
Coming and Going. Internal Mobility in Late Imperial Austria
| Our paper aims to contribute to the critical debate on a one-directional approach of internal mobility during industrialization. In contrast to a modernization paradigm which focus primarily on labor movements from rural areas to urban centers and newly built factories, our approach assumes that migration was never limited to marginal rural areas and internal mobility was never a one-directional movement from meager agrarian regions to more wealthy urban agglomerations. The paper will investigate determinants of internal migration within the Austrian part of the Hapsburg Monarchy by using district level data of the 1910 census. In contrast to the long-standing tradition of studying single one-directional population flows, our analyses focuses on the different effects of wages, level of industrialization, and population growth on both in- and out-migration rates. The determinants of internal migration – into a political district and out of a political district – will be analyzed by means of regression analysis. By using data for the whole Empire, we find that in- and out-migration rates were highly correlated, and that a model of an income driven migration is correct for net migration rates, but inconsistent with data for out-migration. Traditional and new mobility routes affected already established urban areas, developing industrial centers, and agrarian regions and rural communities as well.
|
|
